{"id":1004,"date":"2019-12-10T11:05:44","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T16:05:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/?p=1004"},"modified":"2025-05-22T11:54:04","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T15:54:04","slug":"the-united-states-love-affair-with-poland-and-hungary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/2019\/12\/10\/the-united-states-love-affair-with-poland-and-hungary\/","title":{"rendered":"The United States\u2019 love affair with Poland and Hungary"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Olivier Bault.<\/strong><\/p>\n

This article was originally published on\u00a0<\/em>Kurier.plus<\/em>\u00a0by the Felczak Institute of Polish\u2013Hungarian Cooperation. It was updated and completed for the Visegr<\/em>\u00e1<\/em>d Post on December 10, 2019.<\/em><\/p>\n

When Donald Trump won the American presidential election in November 2016, Viktor Orb\u00e1n, the Prime Minister of Hungary,\u00a0was the first EU leader\u00a0to congratulate him. Orb\u00e1n had also been the only European head of government to openly support Trump during the presidential race. However, it was only when President Trump\u2019s administration at last appointed a new ambassador to Hungary, in the person of David Cornstein, in June 2018 that the improved relations between the United States and Hungary became palpable. Previously,\u00a0as Cornstein himself says, the Obama administration had been openly critical of Orb\u00e1n\u2019s governments. And this did not change immediately on Trump\u2019s taking office in January 2017: before Cornstein\u2019s arrival in Budapest, Charg\u00e9 d\u2019Affaires David Kostelancik, who had been appointed as Chief of Mission after the departure of Obama\u2019s nominee, Ambassador Colleen Bell, continued to openly criticise the Orb\u00e1n government and support the opposition in much the same way as the former Charg\u00e9 d\u2019Affaires Andre Goodfriend had done during the Obama years, leading to a serious deterioration of the relationship between the United States and Hungary. The change of attitude from Washington was best illustrated in July 2018, when the US embassy in Budapest\u00a0announced the rejection of all applications\u00a0for a $700,000 grant intended to support local opposition media in Hungary. The US grant, rather unusual in an allied NATO and EU country, had been announced in November 2017, just a few months before the Hungarian general election of April 2018.<\/p>\n

In line with his attitude towards Hungary under Orb\u00e1n, US President Barack Obama, while speaking alongside his Polish counterpart Andrzej Duda at a press conference at the NATO summit in Warsaw in July 2016, openly\u00a0criticised Poland\u2019s new right-wing government\u00a0for not doing enough to solve the crisis concerning the country\u2019s constitutional court, which was at the centre of an investigation procedure opened by the European Commission.<\/p>\n

A shift of attitude under Donald Trump<\/strong><\/p>\n

By contrast, a year later President Trump paid a state visit to Warsaw, where he gave\u00a0a much reported speech\u00a0in which he praised the Polish nation for its spirit and courage, and described Poland as \u201can example for others who seek freedom and who wish to summon the courage and the will to defend our civilisation\u201d, while promising increased military support for Poland and economic cooperation with the Central European Three Seas Initiative, a regional forum of cooperation which plays an important role in conservative Poland\u2019s foreign policy. In September 2018, the American President once again offered Poland as an example\u00a0in a speech to the UN General Assembly, in which he said that under his administration the United States rejected \u201cthe ideology of globalism\u201d and embraced \u201cthe doctrine of patriotism\u201d, and promised that \u201cThe U.S. will not tell you how to live and work or worship\u201d while asking other countries to \u201chonour [U.S.] sovereignty in return\u201d. Donald Trump also told the UN Assembly that \u201cin Poland, a great people are standing up for their independence, their security, and their sovereignty\u201d. Such open support for Polish leaders\u00a0came a week after\u00a0the European Commission had decided to take the case of the independence of the Polish Supreme Court to the Court of Justice of the European Union.<\/p>\n

In an even sharper contrast with the Obama years, when the Hungarian Prime Minister met the US President in the White House in May of this year, Donald Trump\u00a0praised him\u00a0as being \u201chighly respected all over Europe\u201d although \u201cprobably like me, a little bit controversial\u201d. He said PM Orb\u00e1n had done a \u201ctremendous job\u201d keeping his country safe and that he had \u201cbeen great with respect to the Christian communities\u201d abroad, even joking that the two of them were like twins. For years, the same Viktor Orb\u00e1n\u00a0had been shunned\u00a0by Barack Obama, whose administration avoided all high-level, bilateral contacts between the two NATO allies.<\/p>\n

But the improved relationship the United States has with the two Central European countries under Trump\u2019s administration is not reflected only in a new public discourse.<\/p>\n

USA President Donald J. Trump and Polish President Andrzej Duda in Warsaw, July 2017. Photo: Andrzej Duda\u2019s Facebook page, Krzysztof Sitkowski.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Poland pretending to the role of the United States\u2019 best ally in the EU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Under the PiS governments, Poland has ensured a continued US military presence on its soil. This began under Barack Obama\u2019s administration, which announced the deployment of 1,000 US troops to the country as part of a NATO deployment covering Poland and the Baltic states. The same administration confirmed, at the Warsaw NATO summit in July 2016, that it would deploy an armoured brigade with some 4,500 troops on the eastern flank of the Atlantic Alliance, with its headquarters in Poland and a rotational presence in Poland and in other Central and Eastern European allies. Then in June 2019, during President Andrzej Duda\u2019s visit to Washington, his American counterpart Donald Trump announced the future deployment of an additional 1,000 troops to Poland, and went as far as to threaten to transfer American troops from Germany to Poland. \u201cGermany is not living up to what they are supposed to be doing with respect to NATO, and Poland is,\u201d Trump said. In contrast to Germany, Poland is one of the few European NATO members that reach the NATO target of investing the equivalent of 2% of GDP in their own defence. Furthermore, in March 2018 Warsaw\u00a0signed a $4.75 billion deal\u00a0for the American Patriot antimissile and anti-aircraft system. It has also said it wants to buy 32 F-35 fifth-generation warplanes, and the US Congress gave the green light to such a sale in September 2019.<\/p>\n

In the field of energy, one of the goals of the Three Seas Initiative, which includes twelve Central European countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia), is to build interconnected infrastructure to allow the transport of liquefied natural gas on a north\u2013south axis, from LNG terminals located on the coasts of Poland and Croatia. During his July 2017 visit to Warsaw, US President Donald Trump\u00a0expressed his support\u00a0for the Three Seas Initiative and for the delivery of American LNG to the region, in line with its efforts to become less dependent on Russian gas through the diversification of supply. On November 15, Poland\u2019s state-run gas company, PGNiG, said\u00a0it had informed Russia\u2019s Gazprom\u00a0that it would not renew its long-term contract on gas supplies after it expires in 2022. Meanwhile, Poland has signed several long-term contracts for the delivery of American LNG. As incumbent Polish finance and development minister Jerzy Kwieci\u0144ski explained, Poland\u2019s intention is not necessarily to stop buying gas from Russia altogether, but to end the situation where it pays a higher price for it than other European countries.<\/p>\n

A move of particular symbolic importance came when Poland\u00a0formally joined the US Visa Waiver programme\u00a0on November 11. This means that Polish citizens travelling to the United States for business or tourism will no longer need to obtain a visa. The abolition of visas for Poles had been promised by several presidents, including Barack Obama and Donald Trump, and the new US ambassador to Poland Georgette Mosbacher, who was appointed by Trump, had repeatedly stated that lifting visas for Poles was one of her goals. Visiting Warsaw in early September for the 80th<\/sup>\u00a0anniversary of the beginning of World War II, US Vice-President Mike Pence said that the alliance between Poland and the United States was stronger than ever before, and he then announced that the long-awaited waiver of visas for Poles would soon become a reality. Although the date of this announcement may have been a coincidence, the efforts made by the Americans to announce a date for the inclusion of Poland in the Visa Waiver programme during the run-up to the Polish October 13 parliamentary elections were probably meant to give additional support to PiS and the Morawiecki government.<\/p>\n

Reinforced cooperation with Hungary<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hungary has been included in the US Visa Waiver programme since 2008, and\u00a0it was announced\u00a0in September of this year that visa-free entry to the United States for Hungarians would be further extended. Although maintaining good relations with Russia and advocating an end to sanctions imposed on Central Europe\u2019s big eastern neighbour after its annexation of Crimea and its involvement in the war in eastern Ukraine, Hungary, as part of the so-called \u201cBucharest Nine\u201d,\u00a0has been supportive\u00a0of an increased presence of NATO forces on the eastern flank. Budapest has also committed itself to raise its defence spending to 2% of GDP by 2024 at the latest, and at a meeting of NATO foreign ministers on November 20, Hungary\u2019s\u00a0P\u00e9ter Szijj\u00e1rt\u00f3 also promised\u00a0to increase the number of its troops serving on NATO missions by one third.<\/p>\n

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n and American President Donald Trump share common views on immigration, and Trump has made some very warm remarks about Orb\u00e1n\u2019s action in this area. In July 2018, Hungary\u00a0was the second country\u00a0after the United States to announce that it was pulling out of the negotiations on the UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. Eventually, after Hungary led the way on its side of the Atlantic,\u00a0a total of nine EU countries, including Poland, refused to approve a document that was accused of putting illegal immigrants\u2019 rights on a par with those of legal immigrants.<\/p>\n

Orb\u00e1n and Trump, together with Vice-President Mike Pence, also share common views on the need to actively support Christians who are persecuted in the Middle East and elsewhere, and in December 2018 the US Agency for International Development (USAID)\u00a0signed an agreement\u00a0with the Hungarian government to coordinate relief to minorities who suffered persecution from the Islamic State. When receiving him in the White House last May, Donald Trump thanked Viktor Orb\u00e1n for having \u201cput up a block\u201d of countries giving support to persecuted Christians.<\/p>\n

Hungary\u2019s Prime Minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n and US President Donald J. Trump in Washington, May 2019. Photo: Viktor Orb\u00e1n\u2019s Facebook page.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

When Viktor Orb\u00e1n was depicted as a \u201cneofascist dictator\u201d in Washington<\/strong><\/p>\n

The current relationship between the United States and Hungary has thus come a long way from the Obama years, when\u00a0Washington put a ban\u00a0on several Hungarian officials and businessmen, arguing that Viktor Orb\u00e1n\u2019s government was corrupt. That was in October 2014, following much criticism from the US State Department concerning the reforms carried out by Fidesz. Two months later, US\u2013Hungarian relations were further strained by\u00a0Senator John McCain\u2019s remarks\u00a0about Hungary being \u201ca nation that is on the verge of ceding its sovereignty to a neofascist dictator\u201d. In 2016, the late Senator McCain, a Republican but also a fierce opponent of Donald Trump, was one of three US senators who signed\u00a0a letter to Polish Prime Minister Beata Szyd\u0142o\u00a0to express their \u201cconcerns with the recent actions taken by the Polish government, which threatens the freedom of the public media and the Constitutional Tribunal\u201d and to call on her government \u201cto adhere to the basic rules of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the European Union, including a respect for democracy, human rights and the rule of law\u201d.<\/p>\n

Still some American interference in Polish and Hungarian internal affairs<\/strong><\/p>\n

This does not mean, of course, that American interference in Polish and Hungarian internal affairs has now disappeared altogether. Among other things, it should not be forgotten that Obama\u2019s 2011 decision\u00a0to make LGBT rights one of the priorities\u00a0of American foreign policy has not been revoked by Donald Trump, and US Ambassador Georgette Mosbacher repeatedly tweeted and spoke in favour of \u201cLGBT rights\u201d during this year\u2019s campaign of \u201cEquality Marches\u201d organised throughout Poland with the support of many Western embassies and big Western companies, including American ones, in spite of the fact that these gay parades often\u00a0turned aggressively blasphemous\u00a0towards the Catholic faith. The same kind of support for the LGBT agenda \u2013 which the conservative right and many former opponents of the communist regimes of Eastern Europe see as being driven by radical, far-left neo-Marxist ideology \u2013 was expressed\u00a0again this year\u00a0in Hungary by the American embassy in Budapest.<\/p>\n

It is also to be noted in the case of Poland that the apparently almost idyllic relationship with the United States\u00a0could turn sour\u00a0as a result of the Justice for Uncompensated Survivors Today (JUST) Act, which was signed by President Trump in 2018. This act obliges the State Department to monitor the restitution of Jewish assets stolen during the Holocaust, including heirless assets, which should, according to American legislators but in contradiction to general practice, be \u201creturned\u201d to Jewish American organisations.<\/p>\n

What if Trump loses in 2020?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Furthermore, there is of course the possibility of a return to a more leftist-liberal, pro-immigration Democratic administration if Donald Trump loses the next presidential election in November 2020, and this would put an end to the current ideological proximity between Washington, Warsaw and Budapest. In case of continued conflict with Brussels, such a new US administration could be expected to revert to the practice of the Obama years towards Hungary, and to exert ideologically motivated pressure on both Poland and Hungary. Republican candidate Donald Trump currently lags behind most potential Democratic candidates in opinion polls nationally, but that does not necessarily mean he could not win the presidential election if it were to take place now. Indeed, in the American electoral system, what counts is the number and respective weight (in terms of electors) of states where a candidate wins, and not the number of votes at national level. Moreover, the current impeachment proceedings against Trump, led by Democrats in the House of Representatives, could easily swing the balance one way or the other. No solid evidence of an impeachable crime has yet been presented against Trump, who is accused by his opponents of having exerted pressure on Ukraine\u2019s President Volodymyr Zelensky to reopen an investigation on\u00a0allegations of corruption\u00a0concerning the son of one of the Democratic candidates, Obama\u2019s former Vice-President Joe Biden. In fact, after hearings by the House of Representatives became public, polls have shown that a growing majority of Americans now think that Donald Trump should not be impeached. Democrats do not have the necessary majority to impeach the president in the Senate, and unless new evidence comes forward it will be very difficult for them to persuade some Republican senators to vote for impeachment. Indeed, their action could very well rally support for the incumbent president among American voters, who see the whole impeachment procedure as an effort by the radical left to steal the result of the last presidential election.<\/p>\n

But in any case, Polish and Hungarian right-wing leaders should bear in mind that Donald Trump\u2019s victory in the next election is by no means certain, and that in recent years the American Democratic Party has become even more intolerant of conservatives and so-called \u201cpopulists\u201d, a category to which, in their eyes, PiS and Fidesz undoubtedly belong.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Olivier Bault. This article was originally published on\u00a0Kurier.plus\u00a0by the Felczak Institute of Polish\u2013Hungarian Cooperation. It was updated and completed for the Visegr\u00e1d Post on December 10, 2019. When Donald Trump won the American presidential election in November 2016, Viktor Orb\u00e1n, the Prime Minister of Hungary,\u00a0was the first EU leader\u00a0to congratulate him. Orb\u00e1n had also<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1005,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"subtitle":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-news"],"acf":{"subtitle":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1004"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1004\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/visegradpost.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}